grouping objects into a collection of unordered but changeable key-value pairs

different objects with the same variable names

making a subclass that inherits variables of its superclass

packaging variables into a single variable for later use

limiting access of variables and functions to a specific code block

organizing code into blueprints and their instances

what happens when we "do math" on a JavaScript object?

using the spread operator with two objects

collecting properties and values into containers